Resisting+Change+2

Vocab Scopes "monkey" Trial - A trial testing the anti- evolution law in Tennessee Ku Klux Klan - A clan that rose again in the 1920's against all non- white protestants. Lynching -Punishment of crimes believed to be committed without following the process of the law, usually resulted in death Segregation - The separation or isolation of a race, class, or ethnic group by enforcement in a specific area

During the 1920’s, the United States was staring to change rapidly. Although the majority of people were accepting and even encouraging of these new changes, there were others who resisted these changes and kept to the old and traditional ways. Some examples of people during the 1920’s resisting change include the Scopes “monkey” Trial, the Back to Africa Movement, the Sacco and Vanzetti Crime & Trial, and the Rise of the KKK.

Scopes “Monkey” Trial

By Jeff

In July 1925, John T. Scopes tested the Tennessee antievolution law with his biology class in Dayton, Tennessee. For information on evolution go to this site []. Earlier that year in January, John Washington Butler proposed this bill in the Tennessee House of Representative making it illegal to teach evolution in public schools. Like Tennessee, other states passed a similar bill in fear that the American Bible would be wiped out by science. Differences in things such as biblical and scientific creation were threatening the old American values and traditions. After 15 states passed an antievolution law, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) promised to defend anyone who would defy this law. For more on the ACLU go to this website [].

When John Scopes taught evolution to his class, news spread quickly to through the small town. The trail was drawing national attention and drew in two of the country’s top orators Clarence Darrow and William Bryan. In the end John Scopes was found guilty and was fined $100. It took over 43 years until the antievolution laws were stated to be unconstitutional.

This trial shows how the people of the 1920’s where scared of losing their original values and traditions. The laws were put in place so that the spread of new ideas would stop and the modernization of America would not change the traditional American ideas.

Citation · Gordon, Robert. "Scopes trial." In Faue, Elizabeth, and Gary B. Nash, eds. Encyclopedia of American History: The Emergence of Modern America, 1900 to 1928, Revised Edition (Volume VII). New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2010. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAHVII239&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 9, 2011). · Pierce, J. Kingston. "Scopes Trial." HistoryNet (2006): n. pag. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . · Garcia, Jesus. "Creating America." A History of the United States. Ed. Donna M. Ogle. Evanston, Boston, Dallas: MCDougal, 2003. Print.

By Sena
====The Back-to-Africa movement, also known as the Colonization movement, began in the United States during the nineteenth century, and encouraged those of African descent to travel back to the African homelands where their ancestors lived. This movement eventually inspired other movements from places like Islam to the Rastafarians movement. The back-to-Africa movement began to corrupt in 1860 but came back again in 1877 at the end of the Reconstruction since many blacks in the South were beat and violated from groups like the Ku Klux Klan. Interest among the South's black population in African emigration peaked during the 1890s, when racism began to be heard more oftne, the greatest number of lynching’s in America's history began.====

The experience of segregation and discrimination to African Americans after them thinking they would never achieve true equality attracted many African Americans
====to a Pan-African emancipation in Africa. Soon thereafter, the movement declined with many violent activities because of the movement. Most free A-A's simply did not want to go home to a place where they were forgot and not able to suit to to live in. America, not Africa, was their home and they didn't want to migrate to a strange and long last land they do not own.” Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Marcus Garvey created this organization to help achieve equality between blacks and whites. Marcus Garvey thought the only way to achieve equality was to create a black government, business, enterprise, etc.====



Citation

Images "Departure of the Back-to-Africa Movement ship Horsa,." encyclopediafarkansas.net. Web. 2 Mar 2010. . Sources Book: Rhynes, Martha. I,Too,Sing America:the story of Langston Hughes. 1. North Carolina: Morgan Reynolds, 2002. Pg.9-140. Print. [] []

Sacco & Vanzetti Crime & Trial

By Joe

On April 15, 1920 two armed men pulled out guns and fired on a paymaster and his guard. One of the gun men snagged the cash boxes the paymaster held in his hand and jumped into a waiting automobile. This robbery and murder aroused local interest. Three weeks later two Italian men, Sacco and Vanzetti, got blamed for the Braintree crimes because they fell into a police trap. At the time of their arrest they were carrying guns and when questioned by the authority they lied. In the summer of 1920 Vanzetti was found guilty at the Massachusetts court for the failed Bridgewater robbery. Many believe that Sacco and Vanzetti were wrongfully accused. Vanzetti received a sentence that was much harsher than usual, ten to fifteen years. Talk of harsh bias (unfairness) from the court. On April 9, 1927, after all recourse in the Massachusetts courts had failed, Sacco and Vanzetti were sentenced to death.



· This citation is for my first picture and my information: Sacco & Vanzetti Case(overview)." www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/sacvan.html. english upenn, July 18,2007. Web. 11 Mar 2011. [|www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/sacvan.html].

· This citation is for my second picture and my information: "The Sacco and Vanzetti Trial." http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/SaccoV/SaccoV.htm. Douglas Linder, 2000. Web. 11 Mar 2011. [].

The Rise of the KKK By James The original KKK was formed in 1866 in Pulaski, Tennessee by General Nathan Bedford Forrest and other Confederate Veterans. The name came from the Greek word kuklos, which means circle, the name gradually changed to Ku Klux as an easier form to speak. ([] )The clan has had three different times of prominence, one in the late 1800’s, one in the 1920’s, and finally one in the civil rights movement in the 1950’s and 60’s. The first rise of the KKK was probably the second weakest of the three. The clansmen used mainly midnight runs and lynchings to instill fear and unite each other. However, soon after the end of Reconstruction, the need and functionality of the midnight rides declined. This was the end of the first KKK. The second rise of the KKK came in the 1920’s. It started as a small meeting of white supremacists on Stone Mountain in Georgia. This meeting was the creation of the second and most powerful KKK. The new and improved KKK grew slowly at first, but after the movie Birth of a Nation came out, the acceptance and numbers of the KKK began to skyrocket. By the mid-1920’s the clan membership had grown to over 4 million. [] Citations: Garcia, Ogle, Risinger, Stevos, Jordan, Jesus, Donna M., C. Frederick, Winthrop D.,. "Creating America." Evanston, illinois: McDougal Littell, 2003. Print. Freund, Steve. "Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 1866–1925." In Faue, Elizabeth, and Gary B. Nash, eds. Encyclopedia of American History: The Emergence of Modern America, 1900 to 1928, Revised Edition (Volume VII). New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2010. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAHVII129&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 11, 2011).

Celep, Odul. "Ku Klux Klan (KKK)." In Sabato, Larry J., and Howard R. Ernst. Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAPPE0191&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 11, 2011).